ESSEC Business School

The Digital Disruption Chair presents

Digital Disruption Matrix

A yearly barometer designed for current and future global leaders who seek clarity on digital disruption through both data analysis and human insight.

Built on extensive research from industry reports, academic papers, patents, and expert insights, the Digital Disruption Matrix ranks the year's most disruptive digital technologies and highlights their real-world applications.

6
Technologies Tracked
  • Generative AI
  • Descriptive AI
  • Renewable Energy & Storage
  • Quantum Computing
  • Robotics & Automation
  • Blockchain

Comprehensive analysis of emerging technologies

11
Industries Analyzed
  • Energy
  • Materials
  • Industrials
  • FMCG
  • Luxury/Retail
  • Healthcare
  • Financial Services
  • Information Technology
  • Communication Services
  • Real Estate
  • Auto/Transport

Cross-sector impact assessment

Data-Driven with Human Insights
300+ Global Industry Reports
Academic Papers & Global Patents
1,000+ Industry Professionals Surveyed
20+ Hours of Expert Interviews
Powered by our Chair Partners
BNP ParibasSIA

Features

Core Principles and Key Functionalities

Global Coverage

Our matrix captures global innovation trends across major economic regions, drawing from international patent filings, academic publications, and expert insights from varied geographies to provide a truly universal perspective on technological disruption.

Balanced Perspective

We meticulously balance technical promise with practical realities, synthesizing viewpoints from skeptics and enthusiasts alike to deliver nuanced insights that avoid both over-inflation of potential and excessive pessimism about digital disruption.

Data-Driven Methodology

Our matrix combines rigorous quantitative metrics (academic & patent publication volume and citations) with qualitative expert interviews and survey, creating a comprehensive methodology that reveals insights unavailable through either approach alone.

Key Functionalities

Interactive Heatmap

Navigate disruption visually

Explore the digital disruption landscape through our interactive heatmap, allowing you to visualize the disruption potential of technologies across industries with intuitive color-coding and dynamic filtering options.

Dual Perspective Views

Technology and industry lenses

Switch seamlessly between technology-first and industry-first views, allowing you to explore disruption from multiple angles and identify both cross-cutting technology trends and industry-specific disruption patterns.

Technology Rankings Visualization

Compare relative disruption scores

View technologies ranked by their disruption score with color-coded bars that enable quick visual comparison. Identify which technologies have the highest disruptive potential across sectors or within specific industries.

Publication Trends

Observe the evolution of publications

Visualize the cumulative growth of academic and patent publications over the last 5 years for each technology, revealing momentum patterns, acceleration points, and relative maturity of different technologies.

Sentiment Analysis

Get a sense of what experts think

Understand which technologies are viewed positively or negatively across different industries through our sentiment analysis visualization, revealing perception gaps and potential opportunities where technical promise meets industry realities.

Expert Views

From academia and industry

Access direct insights from leading academics and industry practitioners for each technology and sector. These expert perspectives contextualize data findings and provide unique insights.

Forewords

Welcome to the 2025 Digital Disruption Matrix

At a time of accelerating technological change,

The need for clear, data-driven insights into digital disruption has never been more pressing. The ESSEC Digital Disruption Matrix launches this year as an annual barometer designed to provide current and future global leaders with actionable insights on technological transformation.

This inaugural edition analyzes six transformative technologies selected by a college of 40 experts- Artificial Intelligence split into Descriptive and Generative AI, Quantum Computing, Robotics, Blockchain, and Renewable Energy Storage. Our research synthesizes multiple perspectives: trends in peer-reviewed publications and patent filings, analysis of 340 global industry reports, a quantitative survey of 1,000 professionals across sectors, and in-depth interviews with technology experts and industry leaders.

Our findings reveal a technological landscape where innovations are increasingly interconnected. Generative AI emerges with unprecedented momentum, while Energy Storage appears as the "hidden elephant in the room" – the potential bottleneck determining which innovations can scale sustainably. Quantum Computing shows promising specialized growth with significant implications for encryption, while Robotics evolves as AI simulations reduce development barriers. Despite reputational challenges, Blockchain continues developing toward an "invisible" infrastructure layer.

The resulting heatmap visualizes disruption's intensity across industries, revealing both expected patterns and surprising hotspots. Rather than claiming definitive authority, we position the Digital Disruption Matrix as a catalyst for strategic discussions about technological change. We invite readers to engage with these insights as starting points for deeper exploration in navigating an increasingly complex digital future.

Jérémy Beaufils

Executive Director

ESSEC Digital Disruption Chair

Prof. Jan Ondrus

Professor of Information Systems

ESSEC Digital Disruption Chair

ESSEC Digital Disruption Matrix 2025

Interactive analysis of six disruptive technologies reshaping eleven industry sectors—click to explore our dynamic dataset and reveal strategic insights across technologies, sectors, and their intersections.

Descriptive AIGenerative AIQuantum ComputingBlockchainRobotics & AutomationRenewable Energy & Storage
Energy
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Materials
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Industrials
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FMCG
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Luxury/Retail
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Healthcare
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Financial Services
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Information Technology
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Communication Services
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Real Estate
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Auto/Transport
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Low
Medium
High

This heatmatrix combines analysis from peer-reviewed publications, patent filings, industry reports, and expert interviews to visualize disruption intensity across sectors. Darker orange indicates higher disruption potential.

Data sourced from the 2025 Digital Disruption Matrix | ESSEC Digital Disruption Chair

Support of L'Atelier BNP Paribas for publications & patent data, powered by MARIO (https://atelier.net/mario). Courtesy of The Lens.

Key Findings 2025

Insights from our research

Descriptive AI

The essential foundation of digital transformation

Despite flashier technologies grabbing headlines, Descriptive AI remains the essential foundation powering digital transformation, with the Financial sector showing more positive sentiment (74.3%) than even the Tech sector itself (71.8%).

Generative AI

Financial sector embraces, Luxury sector skeptical

The Financial sector shows surprisingly high positive sentiment (82.2%) toward Generative AI, while Luxury Retail demonstrates unexpected skepticism with the highest negative sentiment (12.8%) despite potential creative applications.

Quantum Computing

Uncertainty and specialized applications

There's widespread uncertainty about Quantum's impact, with 30-43% neutral sentiment across sectors. Chemical industry applications, not cryptography, are likely to be the first real commercial use cases.

Blockchain

Lowest positive sentiment among technologies

Despite years of hype, Blockchain shows the lowest positive sentiment among all technologies (49-52%), revealing a shift from revolutionary promises to specialized infrastructure applications.

Robotics & Automation

Barriers to entry disappearing

AI simulation capabilities are obliterating historical barriers to robotics development, with Industrials showing remarkably high positive sentiment (86.9%) and very low negative sentiment across all sectors (<3%).

Renewable Energy/Storage

Energy storage is the key bottleneck

Energy storage emerges as the hidden bottleneck determining which technologies can scale sustainably, with extremely high positive sentiment (>75%) and near-zero negative sentiment across all sectors.

Expert Views

Insights from our industry and academic experts on emerging technologies

Descriptive AI

“Many companies are so focused on GenAI that they might overlook the real value descriptive AI can unlock. Ideally, GenAI will help bridge the user interface gap, making it easier for organizations to integrate Descriptive AI effectively.”

Prof. Maciej Workiewicz, Associate Professor of Management at ESSEC Business School

Generative AI

“An interesting shift due to the wide availability of GenAI in our daily lives is that it changes the implementation from top-down to bottom-up. As we are using GenAI beyond our work contexts, we bring it into our organizations. This triggers new managerial questions around which types of use are acceptable and which are not, which will also determine how GenAI manifests itself inside organizations.”

Prof. Lauren Waardenburg, Assistant Professor, Information Systems at ESSEC Business School

Generative AI

“Generative AI makes it possible to create content that did not exist in the original training data, which is truly a paradigm shift in the way to expand reference datasets and create new content.”

David Martineau, Managing Partner AI, Data & Quantitative, Sia

Quantum Computing

“So far, the technology has been plagued by the difficulty of reducing errors, hampering its deployment in conventional deterministic computing. Yet, its potential for massive parallel computation remains outstanding. This combination fits remarkably well with the requirements of modern AI, where parallelism coexists with errors managed through statistical processes.”

Prof.Fabrice Cavaretta, Associate Professor of Management, ESSEC Business School

Quantum Computing

“Quantum is seen as offering great potential outcomes in bio-engineering and molecule discovery, allowing millions of simulations running in a much quicker way than in a conventional lab with current computational power.”

Niall Cunneen, Associate Partner, Healthcare Expert, Sia

Blockchain

“Blockchain adoption is at a turning point. We see increasingly that financial applications dominate the market while other applications fall behind. With many users and investors prioritizing scalability over decentralization, centralization remains a significant systemic risk for blockchain applications.”

Prof. Christoph Mueller-Bloch, Assistant Professor, Information Systems at ESSEC Business School

Robotics

“The next generation of robotics and automation is already underway, driven by AI agents. These intelligent systems are transforming task execution, information processing, and decision-making across industries. Their deployment is rapidly expanding, with the potential to impact the entire spectrum of sectors.”

Cesar Moukarzel, Associate Partner, Sia

Robotics

“Robotics is advancing from backend warehouse automation to enhancing front-end service capabilities. In luxury, hospitality leaders are leveraging it for seamless guest experiences. The challenge remains balancing operational efficiency with exclusivity, craftsmanship, and the human interactions that define luxury.”

Jeremy Fetiveau, Partner, Luxury & Lifestyle, Asia Pacific

Energy

“AI's uncertain energy demands plus electric vehicles adding two megawatt-hours per household create significant grid challenges. For countries where gigawatts of industrial flexibility are now gone, there is a choice to be made: California-style battery deployment or smarter demand management.”

Pierre Leplatois, Partner Energy & Utilities, Sia

Our 2025 Technology Zoom

Quantum Computing

Why we chose Quantum Computing for our 2025 Zoom?

Ranking fourth in our Digital Disruption Matrix with a score of 32.47/100, quantum computing represents what we call a "frontier technology" - one that's still emerging yet holds tremendous transformative potential. Our matrix revealed what we've dubbed the "waiting for quantum" effect, with 40% of professionals across all sectors expressing neutral sentiment toward this technology, reflecting widespread uncertainty about when and how to prepare for its impact.

This ambiguity presents a fascinating challenge for business strategists for whom making accurate predictions and business decisions based solely on existing data is particularly difficult for a field this nascent. Patents and academic publications predominantly focus on cryptographic applications, but is this where the true business value lies?

Acknowledgments

This publication would not have been possible without the invaluable contributions and insights of numerous experts who generously shared their knowledge and perspectives. We extend our deepest gratitude to the following individuals who supported our research through their expertise, critical feedback, and collaborative spirit:

Timothy Alcorn, Emma Angibault, Cédric Ardouin, Laurent Avet Le Veuf, Arnaud Aymé, Akram Azzam, Jeremy Beaufils, Philippe Berland, Nicolas Blaizot, Stefan Brinaru, Pauline Butor, Fabrice Cavarretta, Julie Celton-Madeleine, Frank Chan, Anne Choktsang, Richard Colbourne, Isabelle Comyn-Wattiau, Imane Dahou, Charlotte de Lorgeril, Laurent Deloire, Abdelmounaim Derraz, Pierre Desjardins, Justine Destobbeleire, Nathalie Doré, Vincent Ducatel, Jon Egan, Vincenzo Esposito Vinzi, Jeremy Fetiveau, Marie-Kerguelen Fuchs, Paul Geerts, Aurore Geraud, Thomas Graffagnino, Karine Gouloumes, Marc Horgues, Thomas Huber, Pierre Jacob, Florence Kern, Harris Kyriakou, Raoul Kübler, Marc Landré, Alexis de La Tour du Pin, Pierre Leplatois, Alain Li, Yan Li, Charles Lonjaret, Julien Malaurent, David Martineau, Elsa Martineau, Thierry Moineau, Christoph Mueller, Cesar Moukarzel, Jan Ondrus, Anthony Oricoli, Cyril Pinson, Laurent Poupon, Nicolas Prat, Andy Raimbault, Mariam Rassai, Roberto Reno, Thomas Rocafull, Jeroen Rombouts, Nicolas Schmitt, Edmund Shing, Marc-Michel Stack, Deborah Tempesta, Charles Thurat, Lucas Tisserant, Lauren Waardenburg, Maciej Workiewicz, Romain Zaouali, David Zar

We are particularly grateful for the collaborative spirit that made this interdisciplinary exploration possible and would like to thank once more the Chair Partners BNP Paribas and SIA for their continued support.

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